Minor bruising commonly occurs after a sudden (acute) injury. Mild swelling may also occur. Home treatment is usually all that is needed for minor bruises.

A large, painful, swollen bruise that develops within 30 minutes of an injury may indicate a more serious injury, such as:

• A severe strain or sprain.
• A broken bone (fracture).
• A dislocation.
• An injury to a medium or large blood vessel.
• A problem with normal blood clotting.

Prompt treatment can prevent complications and promote healing.